German Language - German Culture - Learn German. German. is the official language of Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein. In. addition, it is one of four official languages in Switzerland, and one. Luxembourg. There are over 1. German, primarily in Europe, though it is spoken regionally. As an international language. German is spoken as a foreign language by an additional 8. Christmas. in Germany: How do the Germans celebrate Christmas? You'll be surprised to find. Advent calendars. Santa Claus, to Christmas trees. Also, learn about German. Christmas foods, find recipes. German. Christmas carols. Why learn German?. Online - Your source for entertainment news, celebrities, celeb news, and celebrity gossip. Check out the hottest fashion, photos, movies and TV shows! German. German. children's songs: Kinderlieder. German- speaking. German grammar explained. Clear, thorough and up- to- date explanations of the main features of. 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German textbooks for all levels of German from beginner to advanced. German language, literature, culture. Online reference tools: Links. German online dictionaries, translators. German courses. and much, much more. Dubbing (filmmaking) - Wikipedia. Dubbing,mixing, or re- recording is a post- production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are . After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks (dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, and music), the dubbing mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as . Today, dubbing enables the screening of audiovisual material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, and anime. The insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer- generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. The ADR process may be used to: change the original lines recorded on set to clarify context; improve diction or correct an accent; improve comedic timing or dramatic timing; correct technical issues with synchronization; use a studio- quality singing performance or provide a voice- double for actors who are poor vocalists; add or remove content for legal purposes (such as removing an unauthorized trademarked name); add or remove a product placement; correct a misspoken line not caught during filming; remove extraneous sounds such as production equipment noise, traffic, wind, or other undesirable sounds from the environment. In conventional film production, a production sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post- production, a supervising sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines must be re- recorded. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which takes place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, then attempts to recreate the performance. Over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene; the most suitable take becomes the final version. The process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. ADR can also be recorded without showing the actor the image they must match, but by having them listen to the performance, since some actors believe that watching themselves act can degrade subsequent performances. Sometimes, a different actor than the original actor on set is used during ADR. One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse; in post- production, James Earl Jones dubbed the voice of Vader. It provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture. With ADR, actors can average 1. This has prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session. The new voice track is usually spoken by a voice artist, or voice actor. In many countries, actors who regularly perform this duty remain little- known, with the exception of particular circles (such as anime fandom) or when their voices have become synonymous with roles or actors whose voices they usually dub. In the United States, many of these voice artists may employ pseudonyms or go uncredited due to Screen Actors Guild regulations or the desire to dissociate themselves from the role. Especially in comedies and animated movies, famous local actors may be hired to perform the dubbing, as their names are intended to attract a local audience; the entire cast may be dubbed by a local cast of similar familiarity. This method is used in TV broadcasting, but dubbing is also used in these countries. Countries which produce their own dubbings, but often use dubbed versions from another country whose language is sufficiently similar so that the local audience understands it easily (French and Dutch for Belgium and Czech for Slovakia.)Kids/Family films and programming. For movies in cinemas with clear target audiences (both below and above 1. Netherlands. Animated movies are shown in theaters with Dutch dubbing, but usually those cinemas with more screening rooms also provide the original subtitled version, such as movies like Finding Nemo, Shrek the Third and WALL- E. Belgium. In the latter case, sometimes separate versions are recorded in the Netherlands and in Flanders (for instance, several Walt Disney films and Harry Potter films). These dubbed versions only differ from each other in their use of different voice actors and different pronunciation, while the text is almost the same. In the French speaking part of Belgium, the range of French- dubbed versions is approximately as wide as the German range, where nearly all movies and TV series are dubbed. United Kingdom. These usually originate from North America, as opposed to being dubbed locally. There have, however, been notable examples of films and TV programmes successfully dubbed in the UK, such as the Japanese Monkey and French Magic Roundabout series. When airing films on television, channels in the UK often choose subtitling over dubbing, even if a dubbing in English exists. It is also a fairly common practice for animation aimed at preschool children to be re- dubbed with British voice actors replacing the original voices, although this is not done with shows aimed at older audiences. Some animated films and TV programmes are also dubbed into Welsh and Scottish Gaelic. Ireland. However some films have been dubbed into Irish by TG4, including the Harry Potter film series. Animated movies are shown in theaters with Romanian dubbing. However, those cinemas with more screening rooms usually also provide the original subtitled version. Such was the case for movies like Babe, Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Finding Nemo, Cars, Shrek the Third, Ratatouille, Kung Fu Panda and WALL- E. Other foreign TV shows and movies are shown in the original language with Romanian subtitles. Subtitles are usually preferred in the Romanian market. However, according to the same Eurobarometer, virtually no Romanian found this method—watching movies in their original version—to be the most efficient way to learn foreign languages, compared to 5. The dubbing of cartoon series during the 1. Belgrade actors provided the voices for characters of Disney, Warner Brothers, MGM and other companies, frequently using region- specific phrases and sentences and, thus, adding a dose of local humor to the translation of the original lines. These phrases became immensely popular and are still being used for tongue- in- cheek comments in specific situations. Some of the Serbian dubs are also broadcast in Croatia and the Republic of Macedonia. Croatia. The practice of dubbing began in the 1. Recently, more efforts have been made to introduce dubbing, but public reception has been poor in some exceptions. Regardless of language, Croatian audiences prefer subtitling to dubbing, however it is still popular in animated films. Some previously popular shows (such as Sailor Moon) lost their appeal completely after the practice of dubbing began, and the dubbing was eventually removed from the programs. This situation is similar with theater movies, with only those intended for children being dubbed (such as Finding Nemo and Shark Tale), but they are also regularly shown subtitled as well, but nowadays are shown in dubbed versions. Also, there has been an effort to impose dubbing by Nova TV, with La Fea M. Some of Croatian dubbing is also broadcast in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Slovenia. While dubbed versions are always shown in cinemas and later on TV channels, cinemas will sometimes play subtitled versions of children's movies as well. In Greece, most cartoon films have dubs. Usually when a movie has a Greek dub the dub is shown in cinemas but subtitled versions are shown as well. Foreign TV shows for adults are shown in their original versions with subtitles, most cartoons, for example, The Flintstones and The Jetsons were always dubbed, while Family Guy and American Dad! Also some Japanese anime series are dubbed in Greek (such as Pok. However, when Skai TV was re- launched in April 2. Greek, unlike other Greek channels which had always broadcast most of the programs in their original language with subtitles. Nordic countries. Some theaters in the major cities may also screen the original version, usually as the last showing of the day, or in a smaller auditorium in a multiplex. In television programs with off- screen narration, the original audio is dubbed in their native language, while on- screen voices are usually subtitled. The Nordic countries are often treated as a common market issuing DVD and Blu- ray releases with original audio and user choosable subtitle options in Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish. The covers often have text in all four languages as well, but are sometimes unique for each country. Some releases may include other European language audio and/or subtitles (i. German, Greek, Hungarian or Italian). Children's films typically have Nordic audio tracks in all four languages, as well as original audio in most cases. In Finland, the dubbed version from Sweden may also be available at certain cinemas for children of the 5% Swedish- speaking minority, but only in cities or towns with a significant percentage of Swedish speakers. Most DVD and Blu- ray releases usually only have the original audio, except for children's films, which have both Finnish and Swedish language tracks, in addition to the original audio and subtitles in both languages.
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